本文简介英语的基本句子成分。
句子是由单词组成的
一个句子可以由任意数量的单词组成。
He left us.
The man in the corner lowered his newspaper.
Whenever I see Tammy I worry about how I look.
Until tomorrow then.
Yes.
我们可以用许多方法把单词组合在一起构成新句子。
I can help you.
Can I help you?
所有的句子都以大写字母开头，以句号、问号或感叹号结尾。 从句用来描述一组词，这些词包含一个动词、该动词的主语，通常还包含一些其他的词，如一个宾语。
I live in Sussex.
…where I live.
Jessica lived in Manchester at first.
He was living in Rome that year.
…when he had eaten breakfast.
一个句子可以包含一个或多个子句。
I can help you if you will let me.
Whenever you need to talk to someone, just pop in and see if I’m here.
许多句子是由一个单独的子句组成的。 单一句称为简单句。
He arrived on Friday.
My brother loves his skateboard.
单句句中总是包含动词。
然而，一个句子并不总是一个单句。
Certainly not.
Until tomorrow then.
Yes.
Why?
一个短语就是一组单词。 这个词通常用来指那些自然结合在一起的词。
the other day
my friend Henry
in spite of
over the hill
would have been walking
句子成分组成有主语、谓语、宾语等
句子成分使用不同的词性。一个句子的主语可以是名词短语或代词。 在一个句子中，主语通常在动词短语之前。
The girls had been swimming.
The new teacher came in.
They had finished.
动词短语包括主要动词，请参见英语动词形式，也可以有助动词伴随，它们作谓语。
The girls had been swimming.
The new teacher came in.
They had finished.
She uses her skateboard quite a lot.
Rajiv was reading a new novel.
She is riding someone else’s horse.
宾语是名词短语或代词。
She used her old skateboard.
Rajiv was reading a new novel.
Josh found it.
不是所有的动词都需要一个宾语。 当有宾语时，宾语通常在动词短语之后。 有些动词也需要间接宾语,请参阅英语的间接宾语。
Hamish gave me a party invitation.
Ruth gave Lauren a nice bunch of flowers.
状语或修饰语是句子中不是必须的部分，这可能是:
- 一个副词（请参考什么是副词）
Suddenly, it started to rain heavily.
- 副词短语，用作副词的一组词
In the morning, the sky was clear.
You probably won’t notice it after a while.
- 状语从句（参考英语的地点状语从句和 英语的时间状语从句 ），包含一个动词的一组词，用作副词
I’ll get some biscuits for you when I’ve poured the drinks.
When I’ve poured the drinks, I’ll get some biscuits for you.
Mark played while Isabel sang.
虽然有些状语的位置是固定的，但大多数状语可以在句子的几个位置被添加。 它们的任何数量都可以添加，只受句子意义的限制。
In the winter, the roads get very slippery.
The roads get very slippery in the winter.
- 对于某些动词，如be和seem，补语代替宾语。 补语既可以是形容词也可以是名词短语。 补语提供关于主题的进一步描述性细节，补语可参见英语的补足语。
He became a doctor in 2005.
Andrew is a motor-mechanic.
He felt a bit silly when he realized what he’d done.
They became good friends despite the mistake.
构成句子成分的词类
动词告诉我们一个动作或一种存在状态。 普通动词称为主要动词，动词的用法请参见英语动词形式。
come
go
think
want
economize
believe
主要动词有时被称为“动作词”。 有一组特殊的动词叫做助动词。 这些动词可以和主要动词放在一起构成不同的时态。
I am thinking.
She has seen the film already.
I can help you.
We might need to.
名词是用来标记事物或想法的词。 名词有时被称为“命名词”，详细请见名词的正确使用。
table
book
ugliness
time
animal
thing
如果我们不想在句子或段落中重复同一个名词，我们可以用代词来代替它。 代词是用来代替名词短语或名词的词，详见代词的使用。
Gary saw Sue， so he asked her to help him.
Ross was hungry so he stopped at a burger bar.
形容词提供关于名词的更多信息。 形容词帮助我们描述或挑选出在众多事物中所指的特定事物。 形容词有时被称为“描述性词汇”。
a man
a tall man
their TV
their new wide-screen TV
the cat
the fat black-and-white cat
限定词用来更精确地指向正在谈论的人、事或观点。 限定词的例子有定冠词、不定冠词和所有格。冠词请参考冠词的使用。
the cat
a man
my aunt
their TV
副词提供有关动作进行的方式或何时何地发生的信息（副词的应用参考什么是副词 英语中表示地点的副词） 。
She ran quickly down the path.
The children laughed hysterically.
He lifted the box carefully.
有些副词也可以用在形容词之前，
He was a rather tall man.
This cake is quite nice.
It was fairly good.
It’s a very hot day.
或者引入一个句子。 许多副词是由形容词加ly构成的。
Fortunately, the rain stayed away.
Honestly, I can’t help it.
介词是少数可以和名词和动词连用的词之一。 介词提供关于位置或运动的信息，见英语介词的使用。
on the bridge
over the rooftops
in the morning
at the gates
当介词用在名词前面时，两者一起做副词的工作。
He is coming now.
He is coming in the morning.
I found him there.
I found him near the gates.
连词把两个或两个以上的名词或从句连接起来。 连词有时被称为连接词。
I went to the shop and bought some bread.
I bought some bread, but I forgot to get the milk.
许多词可以充当不止一个词类。 一个英语单词在一个句子中是名词，在另一个句子中是动词，这是很常见的（参见英语动词和名词的相互转换）。
Jamal scored several runs.
She runs half a mile each morning.
I’ve been chosen for the school play.
Christopher and Angus play golf together on Fridays.
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